Insights
Regulatory updates
New rules that affect companies: what they change, from when and what to prepare.
Dual listing: trading in New York without moving the share register out of Spain
Royal Decree 813/2026 devotes a single paragraph to dual listing, but it is the one that was missing. It explains how part of an issue traded outside the EU fits into the Spanish register. We set it out here with a diagram and, for those who want the detail, in a downloadable analysis.
Richard Edo · 8 min read
Spanish listed companies: fewer CNMV filings during a takeover bid and on treasury shares, and a route to list abroad without moving the register
Besides reforming anti-money laundering rules, Royal Decree 813/2026 relieves listed companies and their shareholders of several CNMV filings dating back to 2007. From 28 October, some disappear and others are only triggered at higher thresholds.
Richard Edo · 7 min read
Anti-money laundering in Spain: what changes on 28 October with Royal Decree 813/2026
If you run a small accountancy, law firm or estate agency in Spain, this reform affects you even if you have never had to deal with SEPBLAC. Here is what changes, for whom and by when.
Richard Edo · 11 min read
The EU Company Certificate and the digital power of attorney: what changes for businesses operating across borders
Proving today in Germany or Italy that your company exists, and who may sign for it, takes registry extracts, apostilles and sworn translations. An EU directive already adopted aims to replace all that with a single electronic document. Here is what it brings, and when.
Richard Edo · 7 min read
Negotiate before you sue: the requirement that now governs every commercial claim in Spain
Since April 2025, a civil or commercial claim is not admitted in Spain unless an attempt to settle has been made first. Used well, the requirement is a tactical advantage; used badly, it costs months and can cost you the legal costs.
Richard Edo · 8 min read
Mandatory B2B e-invoicing: what Spanish Law 18/2022 requires and how to be ready in time
The obligation to invoice electronically between businesses and professionals is not a technology recommendation: it is a legal duty with a timetable and with penalties.
Richard Edo · 5 min read
The EU AI Act binds your company even if you do not build artificial intelligence
The most widespread misunderstanding about Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 is the belief that it only affects those who build the technology. Above all, it affects those who use it.
Richard Edo · 6 min read
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